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Innovation on Remanufacturing Engineering Management —Striving for Sustainable Development
Qiao Xiang
《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第2期 页码 101-101 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016027
Concept and requirements of sustainable development in bridge engineering
Yaojun GE, Haifan XIANG
《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期 页码 432-450 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0126-6
关键词： sustainable engineering safe reliability structural durability functional adaptability capacity extensibility
Green catalytic engineering: A powerful tool for sustainable development in chemical industry
Kequan Chen, Dangguo Cheng, Chong Peng, Dan Wang, Jintao Zhang
《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期 页码 835-837 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1756-1
Zhongming Lu, Duo Li, John C. Crittenden
《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期 页码 305-307 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1666-7
任宏
《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第12期 页码 45-52
通过对世界领袖型工程企业的研究，发现一流的工程管理软体是促进工程领域可持续发展的重要基础，中国工程管理领域与发达国家差距的根源在于软体建设，要取得突破性的发展，必须建设世界一流的工程管理软体，并由此提出具体的使命任务。
郭哲,徐立辉,王孙禺
《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第2期 页码 179-188 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.02.016
从《21世纪议程》到《教育2030行动框架》，国际社会不断推进可持续发展教育，对现有教育体系进行整合重塑以取得创新突破；可持续发展教育理念在引领国际工程教育改革的同时，日益成为提升工程教育质量的重要选择。本文在梳理可持续发展教育理念历史演进的基础上，分析了支撑2030年可持续发展教育的工程科技人才需求特质，从基于可持续发展教育的培养目标与关键能力新要求、国际工程联盟毕业生素质和职业能力框架解析、我国工程教育改革实践3个方面展开研究；基于可持续发展教育理念，总结了我国工程科技人才培养在培养目标定位、培养过程设计和学生考核评价等方面面临的严峻挑战。研究认为，我国面向2030年可持续发展教育的行动策略应从注重顶层设计、发挥政策协同作用，加强国际合作、整合全球优质资源，优化专业布局、发挥专业集群优势，赋能课程教学、培养优秀工程人才，强化专业认证、完善质量标准体系5个方面着手进行，以期推进契合可持续发展目标的工程科技人才培养质量持续提升。
关键词： 可持续发展教育 工程科技人才 需求特质 毕业生素质和专业能力框架 工程教育
李玉恒 ,王永生,阎佳玉,龙花楼,刘彦随
《中国工程科学》 2019年 第21卷 第2期 页码 40-47 doi: 15302/J-SSCAE-2019.02.013
本文对日本新版国土形成规划中的乡村定位，以及典型地区的乡村规划思路、建设内容、基层治理等进行了深入研究。日本乡村地区的规划与治理是在地方政府及村民自治会共同引导下，通过挖掘、发扬地域特色，实现对传统文化的保护、特色产业的振兴、乡村规划的编制、建设行为的管治。在未来乡村发展战略及建设重点、乡村规划编制目标与具体内容、乡村基层治理分工三个方面，对我国乡村规划建设与管理具有借鉴意义。
杜祥琬
《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第1期 页码 9-11
概述了对核科学技术发展及应用方向的认识，包括核技术与能源、核技术与医疗卫生、核分析技术、核辐射技术、宇航与航海核动力等5个方面，讨论了它们对国家可持续发展的意义。概括了核科学技术发展的三部曲及发展前景。
Tianrun Xia County phase III 99.5 MW wind power engineering technology and green innovation
Xiaobo WANG
《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第1期 页码 131-137 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0012-9
关键词： low carbon design green standard system environmental protection sustainable development Tianrun Sijiao Town wind farm
中国工程院"21世纪中国可持续发展水资源战略研究"项目组
《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第8期 页码 1-17
我国水资源总量28000×108m3，按1997年人口计算，人均水资源量为2220m3，预测到2030年人口增至16×108时，人均水资源量将降到1760m3。按国际上一般承认的标准，人均水资源量少于1700m3为用水紧张的国家，我国未来水资源的形势是严峻的。
50年来，全国用水总量从1949年的1 000多亿m3增加到1997年的5 566 × 108 m3,其中农业用水占75.3%，工业20.2%,城镇生活4.5%,人均综合用水量从不足200 m3增加到458 m3。当前面临的问题是，防洪安全仍缺乏保障；水资源的紧缺与用水的浪费并存；水土资源过度开发造成对生态环境的破坏；水环境恶化和水质污染迅速扩展，已到极为严重的程度。
研究报告指出，通过建设节水高效的现代农业，我国可以基本立足于现有规模的耕地和灌溉用水量，满足今后16×108人口的农产品需要；预测我国用水高峰将在2030年前后出现，用水总量为（7 000〜8 000) × 108 m3/a,人均综合用水量为400〜500 m3/a;全国实际可能利用的水资源量约为（8 000〜9 500) × 108m3,需水量已接近可能利用水量的极限；必须严格控制人口的继续增长，同时加强需水管理，做到在人口达到零增长后，需水也逐步达到零增长；我国水资源的总体战略必须以水资源的可持续利用支持经济的可持续发展，建议从防洪减灾、农业用水、城市和工业用水、防污减灾、生态环境建设、水资源的供需平衡、北方水资源问题及西北地区水资源问题等8个方面实行战略性转变；同时必须进行水资源管理体制、水资源投资机制和水价政策的3项改革。
Equipment–process–strategy integration for sustainable machining: a review
《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0752-4
关键词： sustainable machining equipment process strategy manufacturing
蔡美峰, 李鹏, 谭文辉, 任奋华
《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第11期 页码 1513-1517 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.07.010
CROP DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: MECHANISMS, DESIGNS AND APPLICATIONS
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期 页码 359-361 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021417
Intensive monoculture agriculture has contributed greatly to global food supply over many decades, but the excessive use of agricultural chemicals (fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides) and intensive cultivation systems has resulted in negative side effects, such as soil erosion, soil degradation, and non-point source pollution[1]. To many observers, agriculture looms as a major global threat to nature conservation and biodiversity. As noted in the Global Biodiversity Outlook 4[2], the drivers associated with food systems and agriculture account for around 70% and 50% of the projected losses by 2050 of terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity, respectively[3].
In addition, agricultural development and modernization of agriculture has led to a decline in the total number of plant species upon which humans depend for food[4]. Currently, fewer than 200 of some 6000 plant species grown for food contribute substantially to global food output, and only nine species account for 67% of total crop production[3]. The global crop diversity has declined in past decades.
Crop species diversity at a national scale was identified as one of the most important factors that stabilize grain production at a national level[5]. A group of long-term field experiments demonstrated that crop diversity also stabilizes temporal grain productivity at field level[6]. Therefore, maintaining crop diversity at both national and field levels is of considerable importance for food security at national and global scales.
Crop diversity includes temporal (crop rotation) and spatial diversity (e.g., intercropping, agroforestry, cultivar mixtures and cover crops) at field scale. Compared to intensive monocultures, diversified cropping systems provide additional options to support multiple ecosystem functions. For instance, crop diversity may increase above- and belowground biodiversity, improve yield stability, reduce pest and disease damage, reduce uses of chemicals, increase the efficiency of the use land, light water and nutrient resources, and enhance stress resilience in agricultural systems.
To highlight advances in research and use of crop diversity, from developing and developed countries, we have prepared this special issue on “Crop Diversity and Sustainable Agriculture” for Frontiers of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, mainly focusing on intercropping.
Intercropping, growing at least two crops at the same time as a mixture, for example, in alternate rows or strips, is one effective pathway for increasing crop diversity at the field scale. Over recent decades, there have been substantial advances in terms of understanding of processes between intercropped species and applications in practice. There are 10 articles in this special issue including letters, opinions, review and research articles with contributions from Belgium, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerlands, UK, and Mexico etc.
The contributors are internationally-active scientists and agronomists contributing to intercropping research and extension. For example, Antoine Messean is coordinator of the EU H2020 Research project DiverIMPACTS “Diversification through rotation, intercropping, multiple cropping, promoted with actors and value chains towards sustainability”. Eric Justes is coordinator of the EU H2020 Research project ReMIX “Redesigning European cropping systems based on species mixtures”. Maria Finckh has worked on crop cultivar mixture and organic agriculture over many years. Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen has outstanding expertise in intercropping research and applications, moving from detailed studies on species interactions in intercropping to working with farmers and other stakeholders to make intercropping work in practical farming. In addition to these established scientists, young scientists who have taken an interest in intercropping also contribute to the special issue, including Wen-Feng Cong, Yixiang Liu, Qi Wang, Hao Yang and others.
The first contribution to this special issue addresses how to design cropping systems to reach crop diversification, with Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021392) considering that it is necessary to optimize existing and/or design novel cropping systems based on farming practices and ecological principles, and to strengthen targeted ecosystem services to achieve identified objectives. In addition, the design should consider regional characteristics with the concurrent objectives of safe, nutritious food production and environmental protection.
The benefits of crop diversification have been demonstrated in many studies. Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers describe the benefits of crop diversification at three scales: field, farm, and landscape. Hao Yang and coauthors reviewed the multiple functions of intercropping. Intercropping enhances crop productivity and its stability, it promotes efficient use of resources and saves mineral fertilizer, controls pests and diseases of crops and reduces the use of pesticides. It mitigates climate change by sequestering carbon in soil, reduces non-point source pollution, and increases above- and belowground biodiversity of other taxa at field scale ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021398).
Eric Justes and coworkers proposed the “4C” framework to help understand the role of species interactions in intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021414). The four components are competition, complementary, cooperation (facilitation) and compensation, which work often simultaneously in intercropping. Hao Yang and coworkers used the concept of diversity effect from ecology to understand the contribution of complementarity and selection effects to enhanced productivity in intercropping. The complementarity effect consists of interspecific facilitation and niche differentiation between crop species, whereas the selection effect is mainly derived from competitive processes between species such that one species dominates the other ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021398). Also, Luis Garcia-Barrios and Yanus A. Dechnik-Vazquez dissected the ecological concept of the complementarity and selection effects to develop a relative multicrop resistance index to analyze the relation between higher multicrop yield and land use efficiency and the different ecological causes of overyielding under two contrasting water stress regimes ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021412).
Odette Denise Weedon and Maria Renate Finckh found that composite cross populations, with different disease susceptibilities of three winter wheat cultivars, were moderately resistant to brown rust and even to the newly emerged stripe rust races prevalent in Europe since 2011, but performance varied between standard and organic management contexts ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021394).
Comparing the performance of intercrops and sole crops is critical to make a sound evaluation of the benefits of intercropping and assess interactions between species choice, intercrop design, intercrop management and factors related to the production situation and pedoclimatic context. Wopke van der Werf and coworkers review some of the metrics that could be used in the quantitative synthesis of literature data on intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021413).
Interspecific interactions provide some of the advantages of intercropping, and can be divided into above- and belowground interactions. Aboveground interactions can include light and space competition, which is influenced by crop species traits. Root exudates are also important in interspecific interactions between intercropped or rotated species. Qi Wang and coworkers estimated the light interception of growth stage of maize-peanut intercropping and corresponding monocultures, and found that intercropping has higher light interception than monoculture, and increasing plant density did not further increase light interception of intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021403). Yuxin Yang and coworkers reported that the root exudates of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) can reduce infection of tobacco by Phytophthora nicotianae via inhibiting the motility and germination of the spores of the pathogen ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021399).
Focusing on the application of intercropping, Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers formulated species recommendations for different regions of China for different crop diversity patterns and crop species combinations. These authors also suggested three steps for implementing crop diversification on the North China Plain. Although there are multiple benefits of crop diversification, its extension and application are hindered by various technical, organizational, and institutional barriers along value chains, especially in Europe. Based on the findings of the European Crop Diversification Cluster projects, Antoine Messéan and coworkers suggested that there needs to be more coordination and cooperation between agrifood system stakeholders, and establish multiactor networks, toward an agroecological transition of European agriculture ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021406). In addition, Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen and coworkers report the outcomes of a workshop for participatory research to overcome the barriers to enhanced coordination and networking between stakeholders ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021416).
Intercropping, though highly effective in labor-intensive agriculture, may be difficult to implement in machine-intensive, large-scale modern agriculture because appropriate large equipment is not commercially available for planting and harvesting various crop mixtures grown with strip intercropping[6]. Thus, the appropriate machinery will need to be developed for further practical application in large-scale agriculture.
As the guest editors, we thank all the authors and reviewers for their great contributions to this special issue on “Crop Diversity and Sustainable Agriculture”. We also thank the FASE editorial team for their kind supports.
Towards the sustainable intensification of agriculture—a systems approach to policy formulation
Leslie G. FIRBANK
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第1期 页码 81-89 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019291
The sustainable intensification of agriculture involves providing sufficient food and other ecosystem services without going beyond the limits of the earth’s system. Here a project management approach is suggested to help guide agricultural policy to deliver these objectives. The first step is to agree measurable outcomes, integrating formal policy goals with the often much less formal and much more diverse goals of individual farmers. The second step is to assess current performance. Ideally, this will involve the use of farm-scale metrics that can feed into process models that address social and environmental domains as well as production issues that can be benchmarked and upscaled to landscape and country. Some policy goals can be delivered by supporting ad hoc interventions, while others require the redesign of the farming system. A pipeline of research, knowledge and capacity building is needed to ensure the continuous increase in farm performance. System models can help prioritise policy interventions. Formal optimization of land use is only appropriate if the policy goals are clear, and the constraints understood. In practice, the best approach may depend on the scale of action that is required, and on the amount of resource and infrastructure available to generate, implement and manage policy.
关键词： agricultural policy ecosystem services indicators of sustainable intensification knowledge exchange land use optimization
INTERCROPPING: FEED MORE PEOPLE AND BUILD MORE SUSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEMS
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期 页码 373-386 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021398
Intercropping is a traditional farming system that increases crop diversity to strengthen agroecosystem functions while decreasing chemical inputs and minimizing negative environmental effects of crop production. Intercropping is currently considerable interest because of its importance in sustainable agriculture. Here, we synthesize the factors that make intercropping a sustainable means of food production by integrating biodiversity of natural ecosystems and crop diversity. In addition to well-known yield increases, intercropping can also increase yield stability over the long term and increase systemic resistance to plant diseases, pests and other unfavorable factors (e.g. nutrient deficiencies). The efficient use of resources can save mineral fertilizer inputs, reduce environmental pollution risks and greenhouse gas emissions caused by agriculture, thus mitigating global climate change. Intercropping potentially increases above- and below-ground biodiversity of various taxa at field scale, consequently it enhances ecosystem services. Complementarity and selection effects allow a better understanding the mechanisms behind enhanced ecosystem functioning. The development of mechanization is essential for large-scale application of intercropping. Agroecosystem multifunctionality and soil health should be priority topics in future research on intercropping.
关键词： agroecosystems ， crop diversity ，intercropping，interspecific interactions，sustainable agriculture
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Innovation on Remanufacturing Engineering Management —Striving for Sustainable Development
Qiao Xiang
期刊论文
Concept and requirements of sustainable development in bridge engineering
Yaojun GE, Haifan XIANG
期刊论文
Green catalytic engineering: A powerful tool for sustainable development in chemical industry
Kequan Chen, Dangguo Cheng, Chong Peng, Dan Wang, Jintao Zhang
期刊论文
Key findings of the 2016 symposium on the frontiers of chemical science and engineering: Environmentand sustainable development
Zhongming Lu, Duo Li, John C. Crittenden
期刊论文
Tianrun Xia County phase III 99.5 MW wind power engineering technology and green innovation
Xiaobo WANG
期刊论文
Towards the sustainable intensification of agriculture—a systems approach to policy formulation
Leslie G. FIRBANK
期刊论文
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